RELASI GENDER KAUM PEREMPUAN MISKIN DALAM BIDANG EKONOMI PADA TINGKAT PASAR KERJA SEKTOR FORMAL, INFORMAL DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA DALAM KEWIRASWASTAAN DI KOTA SEMARANG

Abstract

Form of unfair gender relationship oftentimes happened at impecunious  woman who live in urban. Impecunious   woman  has been harmed  by either through politics,   social and also economic because their experience  of marginalization, subordination  and the stereotyping  view. Problems of research are: (a) how gender relationship ofimpecunious  woman in the field of economics  and level of work market in  informal  and formal sector, (b) how to access their benefit and resource to develop better gender relationship,  (c) do their gender  relationship   can be developed in private sector,  and (d) how social culture influence  the dynamics of gender relationship  of impecunious woman in urban area?

Research use qualitative  approach,  the data collecting  technique  use interview  method ex•

haustively which is structure, key informant is instructed to impecunious woman who lived in Semarang city. Data analysis use gender matrix analysis  that loading activity, access and resource control, access benefit, activity  impact to men and woman.

Results  show that gender  relationship  of impecunious   woman  at urban  in the field of eco•

nomics  in formal sector ( public servant, private sector officer) have formed  harmoniously,  but in informal sector the woman tend to have no opportunity  for reaching  career path. The resource access to develop gender relationship among women are education (which is low in the most part), skill which supporting  itswork, strong physical energy, high work motivation,  persistent challenge either from family  environment  or from society,  and credit asset to own house, except for car• parking women which not yet owned house alone. Access benefits of the gender relationship include prosperity offamily,improvement  of woman  prestige and status;  involvement   in decision-making processes  and obtaining  freedom  for the actualization of their aspiration.  Social control barrier to build fair gender relationship  at formal sector consists of religion  norm, family norm, and society cultural norm, but the fact is different  in informal  sector because there is almost no bureaucracy  in this sector. Gender  relationship  can be developed  in private sector (entrepreneurship)  in the context of access benefit, but there are no evidence  to woman who working as a public  servant or a car• parking woman  because  they have no enthusiasm  or willingness  for being an entrepreneur. It is suggested to impecunious  woman who wants to access job market to ready herself with training and education  and also adequate skill so that they are not being marginalized  and there also need and activity to increase awareness between men and women  about  domestic   duties.