FAKTOR DETERMINAN PERKEMBANGAN FISIK PINGGIRAN KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 1980-2000

Determinant Factors of Urban Sprawl In TirePeripheral Zones of Semarang City 1980-2000

Abstrak

The research  was conducted  on the outskirts  of Semarang. The area was chosen  because it has been undergoing  a rapid development   as marked by urban sprawl towards the outside.  The complex physiographical  condition  of the city of Semarang  has caused an uneven sprawl. 111e main areas of investigation  were the patterns,  processes,  intensity,  tendencies  and other factors that contributed  to the sprawl.

The research  methods used were: I.  Map analysis  by comparation  of the maps of 1980 and

2000 in oreder to discover the patterns, processes an tendencies   of the city's urban  sprawl;  2. Library research  by comparing  land uses  in 1980 and 2000 in order to discover the intensity of the sprawl; 3. field survey using questionnaires   completed by household  heads living in sprawling  area. Samples were taken in stages:  fisrt from cluster area to represent  the eastern,  south tern and western part of the outkirts; then a poprposive  sample of I 00 household  heads and 11    developers.

The result ofthe research  indicates  Three  kinds of processes  were noted in the  sprawl: concentric, ribbon, and leapfrog. The sprawling process in the eastern outkirts with a plain topography has concentric   and ribbon  patterns.   The southerns  outkirts  with a wavy to rough topography  has concentric,  ribbon  and leapfrog patterns.  A concentric pattern  is also found in a rough topography (Tembalang).  This is caused by the the residents preference  to live in the immediate  vicinity  of'an activity centre (such as a university  campus). This phenomenon  proves that urban sprawl correlates positively  to the availability   of existing  invesment.  The western outkirts has ribbon at long  road Pantura and leapfrog patterns. The intensity of the urban sprawl  in term of the change  in the size  of the settlement   area is 231,9  ha/year. The largest  land conversion   covers ricefields   (2,239.5 ha), marshland  (435.46 ha), and dry fields (339.14 ha) during the years 1983-2000. The following determinant factors list in order ofsignificant  influence:  1.   Population  growth, 2. The area's physical condition,  3. Socio-economic   condition,  4. Availability  ofpubilc utilities,  5 Accessibilty,   6. The government policy.